Supply chain certified to ISO 9001 · AS9100D · ISO 13485 · PED [email protected]

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Product catalog

Six metals, 83 line items, one set of rules. Everything below states its grade, its size range and the standard it is made to — and the last two columns tell you the typical application and an indicative price, so you can screen this list without writing to us first.

Before you read the tables

Who makes what

Procurement teams ask this first, so it belongs at the top rather than in the small print. Every product line is labelled with where it is made and who releases it.

MaterialSupply modeDocumentation
Titanium Sponge titanium produced at our own plant. Melting, forging, rolling, tube making, finishing and heat treatment run at audited partner mills, re-audited on a fixed cycle. Released under our own QC signature. Original heat number and original mill of record preserved on every shipment.
Zirconium · Hafnium · Niobium · Tantalum · Molybdenum Supplied from qualified mills and qualified per order. These are not produced at our plant and this catalog does not claim otherwise. The producing mill is named on the mill test certificate. The original mill MTC is preserved, never re-issued under a combined template. Inspection is released under our own QC signature.

Why there are no photographs on this page

We do not publish stock or generated images of material we have not photographed. A picture of somebody else’s bar tells you nothing about the bar you will receive, and a rendered one tells you less. What we publish instead is specification data — and on request we send photographs of the actual lot: heat number stamped on the material, packing, marking and the certificate that travels with it.

Jump to

Six metals on this page

Ordered from the least to the most expensive in normal industrial use. Hafnium sits at the far end because separating it from zirconium is the hard part.

MaterialSymbolLine itemsTypical applications
TitaniumTi24Chemical process, aerospace, medical, marine
ZirconiumZr12Chemical process, nuclear, medical
HafniumHf8Nuclear control, semiconductor, research
NiobiumNb12Chemical process, superconducting cavities, aerospace
TantalumTa13Chemical process, capacitors, semiconductor
MolybdenumMo14High-temperature furnaces, glass, semiconductor
Ti

Titanium 钛

Grade 1 to Grade 23 · ASTM B265, B348, B338, B381, B863

Our core material, and the only one on this page where we control the metal from the sponge up. Grades 1 to 23 cover chemical process equipment, aerospace structure, medical implants and marine service. Where a grade needs a property rather than a name — resistance to a specific acid, strength at temperature, or interstitial limits for an implant — tell us the service condition and we will match it.

Own plant + audited partners Sponge titanium is produced at our own plant. Melting, forging, rolling, tube making, finishing and heat treatment run at a small group of long–standing partner mills, each audited by us on a fixed cycle.

FormGrade / typeSize range & conditionStandardTypical useIndicative USD
Bar Gr1 / TA1 (CP Ti) Ø3–200 mm; length 500–6,000 mm; peeled or black ASTM B348 / ASME SB348 GB/T 2965 Chemical process equipment, heat exchangers 10.5–16.5 /kg
Bar Gr2 / TA2 (CP Ti) Ø3–250 mm; length 500–6,000 mm; peeled, turned or black ASTM B348 / ASME SB348 ASTM F67 GB/T 2965 The workhorse grade; marine, chemical, medical 10.5–18.5 /kg
Bar Gr5 / TC4 (Ti-6Al-4V) Ø6–300 mm; length 500–6,000 mm; peeled or forged ASTM B348 / ASME SB348 ASTM F1472 GB/T 2965 Aerospace structure, medical, sports equipment 18–30 /kg
Bar Gr7 (Ti-0.2Pd) Ø5–150 mm; length 1,000–3,000 mm ASTM B348 ASTM B367 NACE MR0175 Reducing acids (HCl, H2SO4); sour oil and gas service 25–40 /kg
Bar Gr9 (Ti-3Al-2.5V) Ø6–100 mm; length 500–3,000 mm ASTM B348 ASTM B338 GB/T 2965 Hydraulic tube stock, bicycle frames 22–35 /kg
Bar Gr12 (Ti-0.3Mo-0.8Ni) Ø8–200 mm; length 500–3,000 mm ASTM B348 ASTM B338 ASME SB348 Crevice corrosion service; condensers, desalination 20–28 /kg
Bar Gr23 / TC4 ELI (Ti-6Al-4V ELI) Ø3–100 mm; length 500–6,000 mm; medical finish ASTM F136 ASTM B348 ISO 5832-3 Orthopaedic and dental implants 14–35 /kg
Plate & sheet Gr1 / TA1 Thk 0.3–50 mm; width 1,000–3,000 mm; length 2,000–6,000 mm ASTM B265 / ASME SB265 GB/T 3621 Chemical equipment, pressings and linings 8–18 /kg
Plate & sheet Gr2 / TA2 Thk 0.4–60 mm; width 1,000–3,000 mm; length 2,000–6,000 mm ASTM B265 / ASME SB265 ASTM F67 GB/T 3621 Heat exchangers, hydrometallurgy, architectural 10–25 /kg
Plate & sheet Gr5 / TC4 (Ti-6Al-4V) Thk 0.5–100 mm; width 1,000–2,500 mm ASTM B265 AMS 4911 GB/T 3621 Aerospace structure, defence 15–28 /kg
Plate & sheet Gr23 / Ti-6Al-4V ELI Thk 0.5–50 mm; width to 1,000 mm; length to 2,000 mm ASTM F136 ISO 5832-3 Implant plate, craniofacial repair 30–50 /kg
Tube & pipe Gr1 / TA1 OD 6–114 mm; wall 0.5–10 mm; seamless or welded ASTM B338 / ASME SB338 ASTM B861 GB/T 3625 Condensers, evaporators 14–22 /kg
Tube & pipe Gr2 / TA2 OD 6–219 mm; wall 0.5–15 mm; seamless or welded ASTM B338 / ASME SB338 ASTM B861 GB/T 3625 Chemical piping, desalination plants 12–23 /kg
Tube & pipe Gr5 / TC4 (Ti-6Al-4V) OD 6–100 mm; wall 1–10 mm; seamless ASTM B338 ASTM B337 GB/T 3625 Aerospace hydraulics, medical instruments 16–32 /kg
Tube & pipe Gr9 (Ti-3Al-2.5V) OD 6–76 mm; wall 0.5–5 mm ASTM B338 ASTM B861 Pressure lines, bicycle frames; capillary from 3 mm 31–45 /kg
Tube & pipe Gr7 / Gr12 OD 10–89 mm; wall 1–6 mm ASTM B338 ASTM B861 NACE MR0175 Reducing-acid service; oil and gas, hydrometallurgy 35–50 /kg
Wire Gr1 / Gr2 (CP Ti) Ø0.1–6.0 mm; straight or coil ASTM B863 AWS A5.16 ERTi-1 / ERTi-2 GB/T 3623 Welding wire, thermal spraying, fishing tackle 20–35 /kg
Wire Gr5 / TC4 (Ti-6Al-4V) Ø0.5–6.0 mm; straight or coil ASTM B863 AWS A5.16 ERTi-5 GB/T 3623 Additive manufacturing, welding, fastener stock 30–57 /kg
Wire Gr23 / Ti-6Al-4V ELI Ø0.5–4.0 mm; straight or coil ASTM F136 ASTM B863 Medical suture wire and implant wire 45–70 /kg
Flange Gr2 / F-2 DN15–DN600; 150#–900#; RF / FF / RJ; WN, SO, blind ASTM B381 / ASME SB381 ASME B16.5 GB/T 9116 Chemical and marine piping 6–270 /pc
Flange Gr5 / F-5 (Ti-6Al-4V) DN15–DN300; 150#–600#; forged and machined ASTM B381 ASME B16.5 MSS SP-44 High-pressure and aerospace applications 50–1,500 /pc
Fasteners Gr2 / Gr5 M3–M30; DIN 933 / DIN 912 / ANSI B18.2.1; hex and socket ASTM B348 ASTM B381 GB/T 5783 Bicycle, motorcycle, automotive, chemical plant 0.3–5.0 /pc
Sputtering target Gr1 (99.5%+) Round Ø50–300 mm, thk 3–20 mm; square and rectangular to order ASTM B265 GB/T 1470 PVD coating, semiconductor, decorative 35–200 /pc99.99%+ material quoted separately
Crucible Gr2 / Gr5 50–2,000 ml; straight or conical; pickled and polished ASTM B367 GB/T 3621 Laboratory melting, chemical reaction vessels 10–200 /pc

24 line items. Ranges, not offers — see the price note at the foot of this page.

Zr

Zirconium 锆

R60702, R60704, R60705, R60706 · ASTM B550, B551, B523

Zirconium is the answer where titanium is attacked — hot sulphuric and phosphoric acid, and the chemical environment inside a nuclear plant. Zr702 is the commercial workhorse; Zr705 and Zr704 add niobium for strength. Nuclear-grade heats are certified to the low-hafnium limits in ASTM B550 and B551, which is what separates a nuclear bar from a chemical-industry bar of the same nominal grade.

Qualified mill partners Supplied from qualified mills and qualified per order. The producing mill is named on the mill test certificate; we do not re-badge another company's material as our own. Inspection is released under our own quality signature.

FormGrade / typeSize range & conditionStandardTypical useIndicative USD
Bar R60702 / Zr702 Ø6–200 mm; length 500–3,000 mm; peeled or turned ASTM B550 / ASME SB550 GB/T 8769 Chemical plant, nuclear; Zr+Hf 99.2% min 60–78 /kg
Bar R60705 / Zr705 (Zr-2.5Nb) Ø8–150 mm; length 500–3,000 mm ASTM B550 ASME SB550 GB/T 8769 Nuclear fuel cladding, high-pressure autoclaves 61–75 /kg
Bar R60706 (Zr-1Nb) Ø10–100 mm; length 500–2,000 mm ASTM B550 ASTM B350 Nuclear reactor internals; low-hafnium control 65–85 /kg
Plate & sheet R60702 / Zr702 Thk 0.4–50 mm; width to 1,000 mm; length to 2,000 mm ASTM B551 / B551M / ASME SB551 GB/T 2631 Chemical equipment, hydrometallurgy 60–78 /kg
Plate & sheet R60705 / Zr705 Thk 1–30 mm; width to 1,000 mm; length to 2,000 mm ASTM B551 ASME SB551 GB/T 2631 Nuclear service, medical implants (hip stems) 61–78 /kg
Tube & pipe R60702 / Zr702 OD 6–89 mm; wall 1–6 mm; seamless ASTM B523 / ASME SB523 ASTM B658 GB/T 26283 Chemical heat exchangers, condensers 61–85 /kg
Tube & pipe R60705 / Zr705 OD 10–76 mm; wall 1–5 mm; seamless ASTM B523 ASTM B658 GB/T 26283 Reactor components, acid-medium equipment 61–90 /kg
Tube & pipe R60704 / Zr704 OD 10–60 mm; wall 1–4 mm; length to 3,000 mm ASTM B523 ASTM B658 Corrosion-resistant chemical piping 70–95 /kg
Wire R60702 / R60705 Ø0.2–5.0 mm; straight or coil ASTM B550 ASTM B551 Welding wire, aerospace parts; purity 99.95%+ 108–120 /kg
Crucible R60702 30–500 ml; straight; pickled and polished ASTM B550 GB/T 8769 Alkali and rare-earth melting 35–120 /pc
Sputtering target R60702 (99.5%+) Round Ø50–200 mm; thk 3–10 mm ASTM B551 GB/T 1470 PVD coating, optical, semiconductor 200–600 /pc
Flange R60702 / R60705 DN15–DN200; 150#–300#; forged and machined ASTM B550 ASME B16.5 Chemical piping; small lots, machining-dominated cost 80–500 /pc

12 line items. Ranges, not offers — see the price note at the foot of this page.

Hf

Hafnium 铪

99.5% to 6N (99.999%) · ASTM B736, B737, B738

Hafnium is the hardest of these six metals to source and the most sensitive to purity, because separating it from zirconium is the whole difficulty. We supply small, documented lots from 99.5% commercial grade up to 6N foil and bonded sputtering targets. Volumes are measured in kilograms rather than tonnes, so every hafnium enquiry is quoted against a specific plate or coil lot with its analysis attached.

Qualified mill partners Supplied from qualified mills and qualified per order. The producing mill is named on the mill test certificate; we do not re-badge another company's material as our own. Inspection is released under our own quality signature.

FormGrade / typeSize range & conditionStandardTypical useIndicative USD
Bar Hf1 (99.9% min, Zr < 2.5%) Ø6–50 mm; length 100–500 mm ASTM B737 GB/T n/a (reference) Nuclear control rods, plasma electrodes 500–900 /kg
Bar Hf2 / Hf702 (99.95%+, iodide crystal bar) Ø5–30 mm; length 50–300 mm; iodide-refined crystal bar ASTM B737-10 (2021) ASTM B738 Highest-purity research, semiconductor source material 1,000–1,800 /kg
Plate & foil Hf (99.5%+) Thk 0.1–5 mm; width to 200 mm; length to 500 mm ASTM B736 ASTM B736M Reactor components, refractory alloy stock 800–1,500 /kg
Plate & foil Hf 6N (99.999% foil) Thk 0.05–0.5 mm; width to 100 mm ASTM B736 Producer standard Semiconductor ALD precursors, research 2,500–3,500 /kg
Tube Hf (99.5%+) OD 6–25 mm; wall 0.5–2 mm; length 100–500 mm ASTM B738 ASTM B738M Control rods, special-purpose experiments 1,600–1,700 /kg
Wire Hf (99.9%+) Ø0.5–3.0 mm; straight or short coil ASTM B737 Plasma cutting electrodes, scientific work 1,200–2,000 /kg
Sputtering target Hf (99.5%–99.99%) Round Ø50–200 mm; thk 3–10 mm; copper backing optional ASTM B736 Producer standard HfO2 high-k gate dielectrics, optical coating 200–2,000 /pc
Crucible Hf (99.5%+) 10–100 ml; straight ASTM B736 Producer standard Rare-earth and active-metal melting 300–800 /pc

8 line items. Ranges, not offers — see the price note at the foot of this page.

Nb

Niobium 铌

Nb1, Nb2, Nb-1Zr, NbTi · ASTM B392, B393, B394, B395, B692

Niobium delivers much of tantalum's corrosion resistance at a fraction of the cost, and it is the metal behind superconducting RF cavities and MRI magnets. We supply Nb1 and Nb2 for chemical and general industrial service, Nb-1Zr where creep resistance matters, and NbTi for superconducting applications. Where the application is superconducting, quote the RRR value you need — it is a separate purchase specification from the nominal grade.

Qualified mill partners Supplied from qualified mills and qualified per order. The producing mill is named on the mill test certificate; we do not re-badge another company's material as our own. Inspection is released under our own quality signature.

FormGrade / typeSize range & conditionStandardTypical useIndicative USD
Bar Nb1 (R04200 / 99.95%) Ø3–100 mm; length 500–6,000 mm; hot rolled or polished ASTM B392 GB/T 14841 ASTM B391 (ingot) Chemical plant, aerospace, SRF cavities 120–205 /kg
Bar Nb2 (R04210 / 99.9%) Ø3–100 mm; length 500–3,000 mm ASTM B392 GB/T 14841 General industrial, welding electrodes 110–180 /kg
Bar Nb-1Zr (R04251) Ø5–80 mm; length 500–2,000 mm ASTM B392 / R04251 AMS 2385 High-temperature aerospace parts, nuclear 130–190 /kg
Bar NbTi47 (Nb-47Ti) Ø10–50 mm; length 500–1,500 mm Custom to ASTM B392 (reference) Superconducting magnets, MRI, particle accelerators 150–220 /kg
Plate & strip Nb1 (R04200) Thk 0.1–50 mm; width 100–1,000 mm; length to 2,000 mm ASTM B393 / B394 GB/T 14842 Heat exchangers, SRF cavities; high-RRR grade +30–50% 110–195 /kg
Plate & strip Nb-1Zr (R04251) Thk 0.5–20 mm; width 100–500 mm ASTM B393 / R04251 High-temperature structures, reactor components 130–180 /kg
Foil Nb1 (99.95%) Thk 0.05–0.1 mm; width 50–200 mm ASTM B393 GB/T 14842 Capacitors, superconducting RF cavities 250–400 /kg
Tube & pipe Nb1 (R04200) OD 2–60 mm; wall 0.5–5 mm; length to 3,000 mm ASTM B395 GB/T 8183 Chemical heat exchangers, semiconductor lines 150–230 /kg
Wire Nb1 / Nb2 (99.95%) Ø0.1–6 mm; straight or coil ASTM B692 GB/T 8176 Capacitor anode leads, welding; fine sizes below 0.5 mm cost more 245–350 /kg
Crucible Nb1 (99.95%) Made to drawing; typical OD 50–300 mm Custom to ASTM B392 (reference) Vacuum melting, crystal growth 150–500 /pc
Sputtering target Nb1 / NbZr / RRR300 Ø50–300 mm; thk 3–15 mm Custom to ASTM B393 (reference) PVD coating, semiconductor 800–2,000 /pc
Flange & fasteners Nb1 / Nb-1Zr Made to drawing; M3–M20 ASTM B392 ASME B16.5 (reference) Chemical piping; small lots carry a high unit cost 20–80 /pc

12 line items. Ranges, not offers — see the price note at the foot of this page.

Ta

Tantalum 钽

Ta1, Ta2, Ta-2.5W, Ta-10W, TaNb · ASTM B365, B708, B521

Tantalum is the most corrosion-resistant metal in ordinary industrial use and the scarcest of the six on this page — concentrate supply, not mill capacity, is what sets its price. We supply Ta1 and Ta2 for chemical plant and semiconductor service, and Ta-2.5W and Ta-10W where strength at temperature is the requirement. Wire and foil go mainly to capacitor and welding applications; bar and tube go to chemical equipment.

Qualified mill partners Supplied from qualified mills and qualified per order. The producing mill is named on the mill test certificate; we do not re-badge another company's material as our own. Inspection is released under our own quality signature.

FormGrade / typeSize range & conditionStandardTypical useIndicative USD
Bar Ta1 (R05200 / 99.95%) Ø3–100 mm; length 500–3,000 mm; polished or turned ASTM B365 GB/T 14841 UNS R05200 Chemical plant, semiconductor equipment 350–650 /kg
Bar Ta2 (R05400 / 99.9%) Ø3–100 mm; length 500–2,000 mm ASTM B365 GB/T 14841 UNS R05400 General industrial, welding 330–600 /kg
Bar Ta-2.5W (R05252) Ø5–80 mm; length 500–1,500 mm ASTM B365 AMS 7845 NACE MR0175 Downhole and chemical service 450–700 /kg
Bar Ta-10W (R05255) Ø5–80 mm; length 500–1,500 mm ASTM B365 AMS 7845 Aerospace, high-temperature furnace parts 500–800 /kg
Plate & foil Ta1 (R05200) Thk 0.05–50 mm; width 100–1,000 mm ASTM B708 GB/T 14842 UNS R05200 Chemical plant, capacitors; foil below 0.1 mm costs more 380–700 /kg
Plate & foil Ta-10W (R05255) Thk 0.1–10 mm; width 100–500 mm ASTM B708 AMS 7845 Aerospace thermal protection 550–850 /kg
Tube & pipe Ta1 (R05200) OD 1–50 mm; wall 0.2–3 mm; length to 3,000 mm ASTM B521 GB/T 8183 Chemical heat exchangers, semiconductor process lines 450–750 /kg
Tube & pipe TaNb (Ta-20Nb / Ta-40Nb) OD 5–30 mm; wall 0.5–2 mm ASTM B521 (reference) Custom Corrosion-resistant substitute alloy for severe service 500–800 /kg
Wire Ta1 (R05200) Ø0.12–6 mm; straight or coil ASTM B365 GB/T 8176 Capacitors (fine diameters), welding wire 450–850 /kg
Crucible Ta1 (R05200) Made to drawing; typical OD 50–200 mm Custom to ASTM B365 (reference) Vacuum melting, crystal growth 300–1,500 /pc
Sputtering target Ta1 / Ta-10W Ø50–450 mm; thk 3–15 mm Custom to ASTM B708 (reference) PVD coating, semiconductor barrier layers 80–2,000 /pc
Fasteners & flange Ta1 / Ta-2.5W Made to drawing; M3–M24 ASTM B365 ASME B18.2.1 ASTM F560 Chemical piping in strong acid service 15–80 /pc
Boat & electrode Ta1 Made to drawing; standard evaporation boat sizes Custom Vacuum evaporation sources, implant electrodes 20–100 /pc

13 line items. Ranges, not offers — see the price note at the foot of this page.

Mo

Molybdenum 钼

Mo1, Mo2, TZM, MoLa, Mo70Cu30 · ASTM B386, B387

Molybdenum is a refractory metal chosen for high-temperature service rather than aqueous corrosion resistance: furnace parts, glass industry tooling, sapphire growth, EDM wire and semiconductor heat sinks. TZM and MoLa cover requirements where ordinary molybdenum creeps or sags — TZM adds titanium, zirconium and carbon for creep resistance, MoLa adds lanthanum oxide for dimensional stability at temperature. Mo70Cu30 is the thermal management grade.

Qualified mill partners Supplied from qualified mills and qualified per order. The producing mill is named on the mill test certificate; we do not re-badge another company's material as our own. Inspection is released under our own quality signature.

FormGrade / typeSize range & conditionStandardTypical useIndicative USD
Bar Mo1 (99.95%) Ø3–100 mm; length 500–1,000 mm; turned or polished ASTM B387 GB/T 3876 High-temperature furnaces, glass industry 55–90 /kg
Bar Mo2 (99.95%) Ø3–100 mm; length 500–1,000 mm ASTM B387 GB/T 3876 General structural parts 50–85 /kg
Bar TZM (Mo-0.5Ti-0.08Zr-0.03C) Ø5–80 mm; length 500–1,000 mm ASTM B386 / B387 Creep-resistant parts, single-crystal furnace hardware 75–115 /kg
Bar MoLa (Mo-0.3La2O3) Ø5–80 mm; length 500–1,000 mm ASTM B386 GB/T 3876 High-temperature furnace components needing dimensional stability 70–105 /kg
Plate Mo1 (99.95%) Thk 0.1–50 mm; width 100–500 mm ASTM B386 GB/T 3876 Furnace heat shields, glass melting 55–95 /kg
Plate TZM Thk 0.5–20 mm; width 100–300 mm ASTM B386 Single-crystal furnaces, hot-press dies 80–125 /kg
Plate Mo70Cu30 (MoCu heat sink) Thk 1–10 mm; width 50–200 mm Custom GB/T (reference) Electronic packaging, semiconductor heat sinks 90–360 /kg
Tube & pipe Mo1 (99.95%) OD 2–60 mm; wall 0.3–3 mm; length to 1,500 mm ASTM B386 GB/T 3876 Furnace heating elements, radiant tubes 58–95 /kg
Tube & pipe TZM OD 5–40 mm; wall 1–3 mm ASTM B386 / B387 Semiconductor process equipment 85–120 /kg
Wire Mo1 / MoLa (99.95%) Ø0.18–3.0 mm; EDM wire or heating wire ASTM B387 GB/T 4182 EDM wire cutting, high-temperature heating elements; fine wire to 80–140 /kg 43–65 /kg
Crucible Mo1 / TZM Made to drawing; typical OD 50–300 mm; priced by weight Custom to ASTM B386 (reference) Sapphire growth, vacuum melting 75–150 /kg
Boat Mo1 (99.95%) Standard sizes; length 50–200 mm Custom Vacuum evaporation boats; alumina-coated versions cost more 2–15 /pc
Sputtering target Mo1 / TZM Ø50–300 mm; thk 3–10 mm Custom to ASTM B386 (reference) PVD coating, display panels; rotary targets cost more 75–120 /kg
Fasteners & electrodes TZM / Mo1 Made to drawing; M3–M20 ASTM B387 ASME B18.2.1 (reference) Ultra-high-vacuum semiconductor equipment, high-temperature electrodes 5–30 /pc

14 line items. Ranges, not offers — see the price note at the foot of this page.

Price basis

What these numbers are, and what they are not

Read this before you use any figure on this page in a budget or a tender.

  • Every figure on this page is an indicative reference range, not an offer. It is stated FOB Chinese main ports and prepared on a September 2026 cost basis.
  • Real transaction prices move with raw material (titanium sponge, zircon sand, tantalum–niobium concentrate, molybdenum concentrate), order quantity, surface condition and certification level. The supplier's formal quotation governs.
  • Bar, plate, tube and wire are normally priced per kilogram; machined items (flanges, fasteners, crucibles, targets, boats) are normally priced per piece, and a few are priced by weight plus a machining charge.
  • Send us the grade, form, dimensions and quantity and we will return a firm price — normally within one working day.

If a figure here decides a contract

Do not use it. Ask us for a written quotation naming the grade, the quantity and the date — it takes one working day and it is the only price we stand behind. Reference ranges exist to help you decide whether to open a conversation, not to be copied into a purchase order.

Send us the specification

Grade, form, dimensions and quantity is enough to start. We will come back with a firm price, normally within one working day.